Yoga (Sanskrit, Pāli: योग yóga) refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating inIndia.^[1] The word is associated with meditative practices in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.^[2][3][4] In Hinduism, it also refers to one of the six orthodox (āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy, and to the goal toward which that school directs its practices.^[5][6] In Jainism it refers to the sum total of all activities—mental, verbal and physical.

Major branches of yoga in Hindu philosophy include Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Hatha Yoga.^[7][8][9] Raja Yoga, compiled in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, and known simply as yoga in the context of Hindu philosophy, is part of the Samkhya tradition.^[10] Many other Hindu texts discuss aspects of yoga, including Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the Shiva Samhita and various Tantras.

The Sanskrit word yoga has many meanings,^[11] and is derived from the Sanskrit root yuj, meaning “to control”, “to yoke” or “to unite”.^[12] Translations include “joining”, “uniting”, “union”, “conjunction”, and “means”.^[13][14][15] Outside India, the term yoga is typically associated with Hatha Yoga and its asanas(postures) or as a form of exercise. Someone who practices yoga or follows the yoga philosophy is called a Yogi.^[16]

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